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Abstract

Although ID:dp00102370455 sport participation can have positive benefits for athletes, there are also unique risks for receipt of aggression. Bullying and hazing occur across teammates in this setting and can have detrimental physical and psychological effects on athletes. This systematic review was designed to explore the sport literature to (1) uncover conceptualizations and associated prevalence of bullying and hazing and (2) elucidate factors related to bullying and hazing. PRISMA guidelines were followed when completing the review, and 38 studies were included. Prevalence rates varied from less than 10% to more than 70% across studies, and most studies sampled athletes from the United States or Canada. Factors associated with bullying or hazing experiences included younger athlete ages, newcomer status on team, increased Machiavellianism, aggressive-coercive personality styles, male gender, lower ability or skill level, and social norms for aggression. To strengthen future research in this area, scholars should more intentionally follow the American Psychological Association’s Journal Article Reporting Standards and should ensure that chosen definitions and measures of bullying and hazing are reliable and valid in selected samples. Furthermore, it is impossible to consistently understand prevention and intervention efficacies related to bullying and hazing until researchers can define and delineate between varied forms of teammate-to-teammate aggression.

Suggested Reviewers

Charlene Shannon is on the faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3. phone: (506) 458-7533, cshannon@unb.ca; Louis Moustakas, louis.moustakas@fh-kufstein.ac.at, Sport, Culture and Event Management, University of Applied Sciences Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria; Charles R. Bachand, Doctoral Student at the University of Central Florida, charles.bachand@knights.ucf.edu;

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