Research Mentor Name
Morhaf Al Achkar, M.D., Ph.D.
Research Mentor Email Address
alachkarm@karmanos.org
Institution / Department
Karmanos Cancer Institute
Document Type
Research Abstract
Research Type
healthcommunityimpact
Graduate Level Research
no
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer remains the second most prevalent cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.21 million new cases in 2025. Screening rates for colorectal and cervical cancers are consistently lower among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations compared to White populations, suggesting similarly low participation in lung cancer screening (LCS). This study explores multilevel determinants of LCS engagement.
Methods: Using the Socio-Ecological Model and the Health Belief Model frameworks, this qualitative study examines how individual, interpersonal, and community factors shape screening behaviors. Screening-eligible adults and key LCS stakeholders, including clinicians, administrators, and community leaders, are recruited for focus groups and interviews conducted in English or Arabic. Data is analyzed using inductive and deductive coding in Dedoose to identify patterns.
Results: Ten interviews have been completed, with additional data collection ongoing. Preliminary findings indicate that misconceptions equating the absence of symptoms with good health, beliefs that cancer is predetermined or inevitably fatal, and concerns about social judgment, discourage screening. Stigma, fears of social isolation, and concerns about family reputation further affect willingness to screen. Participants also noted gaps in provider familiarity with LCS guidelines. Structural barriers, including financial strain, unclear insurance coverage, and language obstacles, compounded these challenges. Facilitators included strong family support, trusted provider relationships, and access to bilingual, culturally grounded educational materials.
Conclusion: LCS engagement within the MENA community is shaped by cultural beliefs, stigma, financial and linguistic barriers, and limited awareness. Interventions emphasizing culturally tailored education, clear communication, and trust-building with providers are essential to improving screening participation and advancing health equity.
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences
Recommended Citation
Komaiha, Sara; Antar, Rawan; Snounu, Yasmin; Al Achkar, Morhaf; Abda, Faten; Fawaz, Jad; Saad, Jawad; and Dulli, Ahmad, "Barriers and Facilitators to Lung Cancer Screening in Arab/Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Communities" (2026). Medical Student Research Symposium. 488.
https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/som_srs/488