Document Type

Dataset

Description

Urban soil contaminated with anthropogenic sources of Pb is a major contributor to child Pb exposure. To assess the Pb risk in urban areas, composite samples were collected from 142 voluntary privately owned 142 residential parcels in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park, Michigan. Samples were collected at two time periods, before and after treatment applied for those denoted as treatment sites. Samples were collected from areas covered with turf grass on the parcels from the front, middle and rear sections. Soils were collected with a bulb planter at approximately 10cm depth and were cleaned with a tap water-Liquinox detergent solution and then rinsed with ultrapure water (>18.2 MΩ/cm) between sampling sites. Soils were mixed by hand in the field in one-gallon freezer bags before being transported to the laboratory at Wayne State University. Bagged soil samples were then air dried in a fume hood for at least two weeks and sifted. After sampling, for soils that were randomly determined to receive treatment, either received a liquid or a granular bonemeal treatment and were collected about one year after application in the same manner as the pretreated samples.

Total soil Pb was assessed according to EPA Method 3051a.1 In short, 0.5g of sieved (2, using the same µm size fraction. Since the standard PBET procedure utilizes a pH of 1.5, which underestimates changes in bioavailability following phosphate amendments3, a pH of two was used in this study, consistent with Hettiarachchi et al.4 The percentage (%) of IVBA lead was determined based on the ratio of IVBA to total Pb ((IVBA Pb)/(Total Pb)∙100). Total As was assessed using determined using the same methods as Total soil Pb (EPA Method 3051a). A Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure was utilized to assess the mobility of As and P from samples to determine if eutrophication of these two elements occurred because of the amendments. This method combined the use of EPA Method 13125 and the filtration method outlined by Qi and Donahoe.6

Soil pH, CEC (cmol+/kg), organic matter content (%), and elemental concentrations (mg/kg), were measured by Dairyland Laboratories (Arcadia, WI). The soil pH was measured in a 1:1 soil: water slurry.7 The percent OM content was determined by loss on ignition.8 Soil (5g) was transferred to a pre-weighed crucible and dried 2 or more hours at 105 °C in one of two ovens (ThermoScientific HeraTherm Oven OGS180 or Fisher Scientific Isotemp Oven Model 655G). Once dried, the mass was recorded and the sample was transferred to a Thermolyne Furnace where it was kept at 360 °C for 2 hr ± 1 min. Samples were left to cool for ten minutes, at which point the ash weight was determined. Samples were treated with the Mehlich 3 extracting solution to measure extractable phosphorus.9 Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The Bray P1 equivalent was used to report the concentration of phosphorus (mg/kg) (Pppm) for soils with a pH less than 7.3 (Mehlich 1984). The CEC was based on the sum of Ca, Mg, K and acidity of the soil.10

Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure was utilized to assess the mobility of P from samples to determine eutrophication because of the amendments, this method combined the use of EPA Method 131244 and the filtration method outlined by Qi and Donahoe45, and was quantified by spectrophotometer.

Soil texture was based on the USDA soil texture triangle and was determined via particle size analysis and using the NRCS Soil Texture by Feel method. Dairyland Laboratories (Arcadia, WI) performed particle size analysis via gravimetric hydration (Burt 2014) to identify the proportion of clay, sand, and silt.

References

  1. US EPA, O. U.S. EPA Method 3051A: Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Oils. (2019).
  2. Ruby, M. V., Davis, A., Schoof, R., Eberle, S. & Sellstone, C. M. Estimation of Lead and Arsenic Bioavailability Using a Physiologically Based Extraction Test. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 422–430 (1996).
  3. Zia, M. H., Codling, E. E., Scheckel, K. G. & Chaney, R. L. In vitro and in vivo approaches for the measurement of oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils: A review. Environmental Pollution 159, 2320–2327 (2011).
  4. Hettiarachchi, G. M., Pierzynski, G. M., Oehme, F. W., Sonmez, O. & Ryan, J. A. Treatment of Contaminated Soil with Phosphorus and Manganese Oxide Reduces Lead Absorption by Sprague–Dawley Rats. Journal of Environmental Quality 32, 1335–1345 (2003).
  5. US EPA. US EPA Method 1312 - Synthetic Preciptitation Leaching Procedure. (1994).
  6. Qi, Y. & Donahoe, R. J. The environmental fate of arsenic in surface soil contaminated by historical herbicide application. Sci Total Environ 405, 246–254 (2008).
  7. Sikoral, F. & Kissel, D. Soil pH (Chapter 3.2), Soil Test Methods From the Southeastern United States. Soil Etension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group 48–61 (2014).
  8. Davies, B. E. Loss-on-Ignition as an Estimate of Soil Organic Matter. Soil Science Society of America Journal 38, 150–151 (1974).
  9. Mehlich, A. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 15, 1409–1416 (1984).
  10. Ross, D. S. & Ketterings, Q. Recommended Methods for Determining Soil Cation Exchange Capacity. Reommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United States 75–86 (2011).

Liquid_Treatment_Dataset.csv

284 record dataset, soil samples

Data dictionary:

Variable: Variable Description

SampleID: Anonymous Sample Identifier (Each Sample ID represents a soil sample from a unique residential property in Detroit metropolitan area; Pre_Post: binary sampling identifier, samples collected before treatment are equal to 0, samples collected after treatment are equal to 1; TotalPb: Total soil lead concentration (mg/kg); IVBAperc: Percentage (%) of IVBA lead; IVBAmgkg: Concentration (mg/kg) of In vitro bioaccessible lead; Pppm: Concentration of phosphorus (mg/kg); pH: Soil pH; OM: Soil organic matter content (%); CEC: Cation exhange capacity (cmol+/kg); Group: Treatment or control group identifier, samples that were randomly selected for no treatment are labeled as control, samples that were selected for treatment are labeled as intervention; Control_Intrvnt: Binary treatment or control group identifier, samples that were randomly selected for no treatment are equal to 0, samples that were selected for treatment are equal to 1; DaysAged: The amount of time that has passed from initial sampling to final sampling in days; SoilTexture: Soil texture classification determined by feel; DLsand: Percentage (%) sand; DLsilt: Percentage (%) silt; DLclay: Percentage (%) clay; DLtexture: Soil texture classification based on USDA soil texture triangle.

Granualar_Treatment_Dataset.csv

278 record dataset, soil samples

Data dictionary:

Variable: Variable Description

Sample_Name: Anonymous sample identifier, each sample name represents a unique soil sample from a residential property in Detroit metropolitan area; Sample_Group: Anonymous parcel identifier for which samples were harvested from specific volunteer properties in the Detroit metropolitan area; F_M_R: Sample collection location on property, sampling locations had individual samples collected from the front (F), middle (M), and rear (R) sections of the property; Pre_Post: binary sampling identifier, samples collected before treatment are equal to 0, samples collected after treatment are equal to 1; Treatment_days: The amount of time that has passed from initial sampling to final sampling in days; Treated_area_sf: The total area of the properties (in square footage) where the samples were collected from; Intervention_or_control: Sampling identifier, samples that were randomly selected for no treatment are labeled as control, samples that were selected for treatment are labeled as intervention; Control_intervention: Binary sampling identifier, samples that were randomly selected for no treatment are equal to 0, samples that were selected for treatment are equal to 1; Total_BM_Applied_ppm: The amount of bonemeal applied (mg/kg) to each sampling site, amount added was determined by the amount of natural amount of phosphorus in the soil; Fill_native_unknown: Samples were visually identified to determine if they were native soils, some form of fill that was not native, or unidentifiable (unknown); OM_perc: Soil organic matter content (%); CEC_meq: Cation exchange capacity (cmol+/kg); pH: Soil pH measured; Mehlich3_P: Phosphorus as P (mg/kg); P1Bray_ppm: Phosphorus as P (mg/kg); Total_P_ppm: Concentration of phosphorus (mg/kg). For soils with a pH less than 7.3, the Bray 1 equivalent P concentration is reported; Leach_P_ppm: leached P concentration from soils (mg/kg); Kppm: Concentration of potassium (mg/kg); Cappm: Concentration of calcium (mg/kg); Mgppm: Concentration of magnesium (mg/kg); Sppm: Concentration of sulfur (mg/kg); Nappm: Concentration of sodium (mg/kg); perc_Sand: Percentage (%) sand; perc_Silt: Percentage (%) silt; perc_Clay: Percentage (%) clay; SoilTexture: Soil texture classification determined by feel; Total_Pb_ppm: Total soil lead concentration (mg/kg); Total_As_ppm: Total soil As concentration (mg/kg); IVBA_ppm: Concentration (mg/kg) of In vitro bioaccessible lead; IVBA_perc: Percentage (%) of IVBA lead.

DOI

10.22237/waynestaterepo/data/1765843200

File Format

application/zip

File Size

30 KB

Funder Info

Funding provided by the Fred A. And Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation, https://www.erbff.org/, Crossref Funders Registry https://doi.org/10.13039/100015133.

License

Author[s] release this dataset under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which grants the public rights to reuse and redistribute this data provided 1) appropriate attribution is given to the author[s]; and 2) a link to the source of the data and to the CC-BY 4.0 license is included.

Checksum

sha256 581dac1b6be5c5cc53cf714d11593c7a60ec154b569b9cddbe01a97877d08070

Disciplines

Civil and Environmental Engineering | Environmental Health and Protection | Environmental Public Health | Toxicology | Urban Studies and Planning

Comments

Conor T. Gowan: ORCID 0009-0004-7249-3526

Sabrina R. Good: ORCID 0009-0005-2159-1289

Allison R. Harris: ORCID 0009-0003-2964-5451

Patrick Crouch

Shawn P. McElmurry: ORCID 0000-0001-7398-431X

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