Document Type
Article
Abstract
Intense geological activity caused major topographic changes in Western North America over the past 15 million years. Major rivers here are composites of different ancient rivers, resulting in isolation and mixing episodes between river basins over time. This history influenced the diversification of most of the aquatic fauna. The genus Pantosteus is one of several clades centered in this tectonically active region. The eight recognized Pantosteus species are widespread and common across southwestern Canada, western USA and into northern Mexico. They are typically found in medium gradient, middle-elevation reaches of rivers over rocky substrates. This study (1) compares molecular data with morphological and paleontological data for proposed species of Pantosteus, (2) tests hypotheses of their monophyly, (3) uses these data for phylogenetic inferences of sister-group relationships, and (4) estimates timing of divergence events of identified lineages. Using 8055 base pairs from mitochondrial DNA protein coding genes, Pantosteus and Catostomus are reciprocally monophyletic, in contrast with morphological data. The only exception to a monophyleticPantosteus is P. columbianus whose mtDNA is closely aligned with C. tahoensis because of introgression. Within Pantosteus, several species have deep genetic divergences among allopatric sister lineages, several of which are diagnosed and elevated to species, bringing the total diversity in the group to 11 species. Conflicting molecular and morphological data may be resolved when patterns of divergence are shown to be correlated with sympatry and evidence of introgression.
Disciplines
Biology | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Geology | Paleobiology
Recommended Citation
Unmack PJ, Dowling TE, Laitinen NJ, Secor CL, Mayden RL, et al. (2014) Influence of Introgression and Geological Processes on Phylogenetic Relationships of Western North American Mountain Suckers (Pantosteus, Catostomidae). PLoS ONE 9(3): e90061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090061
Figure S1. All primers used to generate catostomid sequences. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090061.s001
Table_S1.doc (53 kB)
Table S1. Mean between species p-distances as percentages (lower left) for each Pantosteus lineage, Catostomus as a whole, and the remaining outgroups as a whole. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090061.s002
Included in
Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Geology Commons, Paleobiology Commons
Comments
© 2014 Unmack et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.