Wayne State University Theses

El 4 de junio: Birth of a Legend

Ronald E. Raven — Tue, 09 Apr 2013 06:17:24 PDT

In June of 1932, Marmaduke Grove and two compatriots staged a bloodless coup over the Chilean government of Juan Montero. The insurgent junta and the Grove legend have become so entwined over the years that the period has come to be known as "the twelve day Socialist Republic of Marmaduke Grove," but the traditionally history-conscious Left has conspicuously avoided publishing any hard data on that government. Consequently, Grove and the "Socialist Republic" have passed into history as the legend depicts them, unchallenged by historical research. This thesis examines those 12 days in detail through the Chilean journalistic source material. Only by a compilation of the observations of the reporters and diplomats on the scene can a North American hope to adequately test the legend.

A Test Of Seven Work Commitment Models

Keith Lynn Zabel — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:54 PDT

Two major work commitment models have been proposed in the literature (Morrow, 1993; Randall & Cote, 1991). Since their inception, five revised work commitment models have been created (Carmeli & Gefen, 2005; Cohen, 1999; Freund & Carmeli, 2003) using modification indices and for the most part have not been cross-validated with a subsequent sample. To determine which of seven work commitment models was best supported, structural equation analyses were conducted using a meta-analytically derived correlation matrix. Supporting previous research (Carmeli & Gefen, 2005; Cohen, 1999; Cohen, 2000; Freund & Carmeli, 2003), findings suggested Randall and Cote's (1991) model was superior to Morrow's (1993) model. Results also suggested that among four Randall and Cote models, Cohen's (1999) revised Randall and Cote model showed the best fit. Discussion focuses on the importance of linking work commitment models to workplace attitudes and outcomes and the implications of findings in this study to that end.

Concept Mapping As A Buffer Against Evaluative Flexibility

Keith Welker — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:53 PDT

Attitude relevant knowledge is a central component to evaluative consistency and attitude representation. One way to assess the degree to which individuals deliberate and represent their knowledge is through concept mapping. Therefore, the present research investigated whether concept map deliberation moderated attitude consistency in a two-part experiment. Participants (N = 172) completed an online survey assessing personality, attitudes, and attitude strength toward physician assisted suicide (PAS). In a second onsite sessions participants were randomly assigned create an attitude-relevant or attitude-irrelevant concept map, and were randomly assigned to work with a fictitious partner who had a positive, negative, or unknown attitude toward PAS, which served as a source of social influence. Participants again reported attitudes and attitude strength. Results indicated that concept map relevance did not moderate PAS attitude consistency. Possible reasons for the null findings and future directions for research are explored.

What Are You? A Study Of Racial Ambiguity

Cindy Veronica Vargas — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:52 PDT

Most literature on racial ambiguity focuses on individuals of mixed-race. While this type of literature is invaluable in understanding racial identity and all of its intricacies, the experiences of single-race individuals are marginalized. How do people who are single race experience racial ambiguity? Do their experiences differ from those of mixed-race individuals? For this study, nineteen individuals (single and mixed-race) who consider themselves to be racially ambiguous were interviewed and asked open-ended questions. The transcribed and coded interviews yielded important information on their self-perceptions, what they get mistaken for, how it makes them feel, and how they deal with their racial ambiguity. The findings provide a more complex definition of "racial ambiguity," and also open the door to possible future study on the differentiation between the terms "race" and "ethnicity."

The Venus "Shell-Over-Star" Hieroglyph And Maya Warfare: An Examination Of The Interpretation Of A Mayan Symbol

Claudia Ann Voit — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:52 PDT

For decades, Maya scholars have associated the Mayan ―Shell-Star‖ (also referred to as ―Star-War‖) hieroglyph with Maya warfare. Put forward by scholars such as Floyd Lounsbury and David Kelley, and later advanced by Linda Schele, David Freidel, Ian Graham, Peter Matthews, Anthony Aveni and others, there are now dozens of published articles and chapters relating the hieroglyph to Venus and warfare. Venus is one of the most notable celestial objects outside of the Sun and Moon and was highly visible to the inhabitants of the Maya world. The Dresden Codex (an astronomical almanac) contains important information about the planet Venus, and the calendar section was deciphered by the librarian and mathematician, Ernst Förstemann in the late 1800s. In his decipherment, he deduced that the numbers contained in the tables must be connected to the orbital period of the planet. There is no other planet with the same orbital period

as Venus. Förstemann suggested that the decoded astronomy tables were used by the Maya to determine when to wage war. This interpretation, along with others, like Floyd Lounsbury`s study of Venus and the Long Count date at Bonampak were the seeds that have led to methodological errors that first began to take root in Maya research. The idea of the Venus association with warfare took hold and continues to propagate. Many scholars continue to assert that the ―shell-star‖ glyph is related to warfare events. Others, like Gerardo Aldana, and Stanley Guenter, have recently come forward to reexamine and question the hieroglyph and its relationship, if any, to Maya warfare. I suggest, further, that methodological errors may have occurred along the way. I propose that these errors include data lost in translation, and inaccurate translations. In addition, the statistical analysis of Venus cycles has weak points. If this identification of the errors is correct, we need to re-evaluate the weakened foundation on which we are building our assertions about the role of Venus in Maya warfare. In this work, I examine the initial and subsequent interpretations of the Mayan ―shell-star‖ hieroglyph, a symbol that has begun to generate an increasing amount of discussion among Mayan scholars over the last several years. In addition, I discuss new arguments (like that of Gerardo Aldana) regarding the role of Venus in Maya warfare. Finally, I would like to provide some suggestions for future research regarding this subject.

Functional Correlates Of Verbal Working Memory In Healthy Aging And Early Alzheimer's Disease

Michael Adam Sugarman — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:51 PDT

Deficits in the working memory system are common in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known regarding the neurobiological basis of this impairment. The current study examined the neurobiological functional correlates of the working memory system in early AD patients and cognitively intact control participants using a word list repetition task performed during positron emission tomography (PET). Compared to a reading control task, both the AD and control groups utilized a network of parietal, frontal, and cerebellar regions while completing the word rehearsal task. However, control participants displayed greater activation in all regions, especially in the parietal lobes. In the frontal lobes, AD patients displayed right-lateralized recruitment compared to bilateral frontal recruitment in the control group. Comparison of 10-word list rehearsal to 5-word indicated a shift from parietal activity to more prominent frontal and cerebellar activity in the control group with increased load demands. This type of shift in activity was not observed in the patient group. Additionally, parietal activity was inversely correlated with working memory performance in the control group only. Left cerebellar activity was correlated with behavioral performance in both groups. Overall, it appears that the working memory deficits observed in AD patients may be related to dysfunction in parietal contributions to the working memory network, and compensatory activity may occur in the frontal lobes.

The Spliceosomal Protein Prp8 Stabilizes A Compact Conformation Of The U2-U6 Complex

Subasinghe Appuhamilage Lemintha Imali Subasinghe — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:50 PDT

The spliceosome is a large, RNA-protein complex that catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing during mRNA maturation. The RNA components (small nuclear RNA; snRNAs) of the spliceosome have been well studied and are believed to be involved in the splicing catalysis. Although proteins are essential for splicing, they may not be directly involved in catalysis. Among hundreds of proteins, Prp8 is the only protein that interacts with all of the catalytically important snRNAs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Prp8 may catalyze splicing either by directly participating in catalysis or by stabilizing the conformation of the catalytically active spliceosome. In order to test whether or not Prp8 stabilizes the active-site conformation, we carried out single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments with catalytically important snRNAs U2 and U6 and Prp8. We observed that in the presence of Prp8, the population of the high FRET conformation of U2-U6 that is thought to be the active conformation increased indicating that one of the functions of Prp8 would be to stabilize the active site conformation of the spliceosome.

Veronese's "martyrdom Of St. Justina": The Promotion Of A Local Martyr Saint

Jonathan David Salvati — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:49 PDT

The altarpiece for the high altar of the Benedictine basilica of Santa Giustina in Padua, painted by Paolo Veronese around 1575, depicts the martyrdom of Justina, an Early Christian saint. While art historians often discuss late sixteenth-century images of martyrdom within the general historical context of the Counter-Reformation, St. Justina's increased prominence during this period was also connected to a more specific historical event: the Battle of Lepanto of 1571. The naval victory of the Catholic Holy League alliance over the Ottoman Turks on the saint's feast day (October 7th) increased the popularity of the saint's cult within the Venetian Republic. While Veronese's monumental altarpiece undoubtedly reflected this promotion, the work also managed to invoke the ancient and medieval history of the local commune of Padua. The painting's use of martial imagery linked the various geopolitical interests involved in the saint's cult (Padua, Venice) at the same time that such imagery helped bridge the historical gap between late antiquity and the contemporary world. I argue that long-established written and visual connections between martyrdom and military conflict guided viewers toward an understanding of the saint as a significant participant in local history and politics.

Mrna Granules And Ischemic Preconditioning

Michelle Rei Smith — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:49 PDT

Brain ischemia and reperfusion that occurs after stroke and cardiac arrest, causes translation arrest (TA) in neurons which is irreversible in neurons that will undergo delayed neuronal death. TA is linked to mRNA granules, which are involved in ischemia-induced stress genes translation. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is the most protective response known that protects neurons from a lethal ischemic insult. In this thesis I studied the effects of (1) sublethal durations of ischemia, (2) IPC and (3) cycloheximide (CHX) on the formation of mRNA granules at 1 hour of reperfusion and the colocalization of HuR in the mRNA granules. All durations tested, from 2 to 8 min ischemia caused formation of mRNA granules, and HuR colocalized in the mRNA granules at lower ischemia durations in CA1 neurons. However, IPC appeared to attenuate the formation of mRNA granules at 1 hour reperfusion and did not enhance HuR colocalization. CHX inhibited mRNA granules at 1 hour reperfusion, but had no effect in animals subjected to prior IPC. These results show that sublethal durations of ischemia cause CA1 neurons to behave similarly to CA3 neurons. However, the mRNA granule response appears to be less important after a 10 min ischemia in preconditioned animals. These results show that the 10 min ischemia period is perceived differently by the preconditioned CA1 neuron compared to a non-preconditioned neuron. Moreover, these results shed important light on the post-ischemic neuronal response, and will help in the effort to develop effective therapies to protect against stroke and cardiac arrest brain damage.

Codice Verbale E Codice Iconico Nel Riadattamento Della Divina Commedia - Fumetto Di Seymour Chwast

Emirjona Molla — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:48 PDT

This thesis takes a critical look at the way the semiotic code is treated by the author Seymour Chwast in his comic book the Divine Comedy. In the introduction I focused on examining parts of the communication which is based on verbal and non-verbal speech. The symbolic code belongs to the verbal speech which is analytical, conventional and arbitrary. The interpretation of the symbolic code depends also on the cultural unit. The iconic code on the other hand could be motivated or conventional depending on the way the message is brought up to the reader. The iconic code could need the accompaniment of the verbal code to make the message clearer to the interpreter. Seymour Chwast in his illustrations for example found necessary to use the help of the text to describe better his way of illustrating Dante's Divine Comedy. Without the text, the message of the comic book would have taken another turn in the reader's mind. The illustrations show the contemporary time, and without the text that is based on Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, the message would be very ambiguous.

Sex Differences In The Dopaminergic Regulation Of Courtship, But Not Pairing Behaviors In Zebra Finches

Erin Marie Lowrey — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:47 PDT

Dopamine is one of the key ingredients in the glue that cements social bonds in vertebrates. The D2 dopamine receptor has been implicated in the regulation of monogamous pair bonding in the prairie vole. While dopamine affects courtship behaviors in the male zebra finch, the behavioral role of dopamine acting at D2 receptors in both males and females deserves further attention. We hypothesized that the D2 receptor would regulate courtship and pairing behaviors in the male and female zebra finch. Sixteen males and females were tested using a repeated measures design. On day 1, the zebra finches were injected with 0.5 μg/ml of raclopride, a D2 receptor antagonist, GBR-12909, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, or the vehicle. Then, birds of the opposite sex were introduced and behavior was recorded. On day 2, the same males and females were placed together without injections and their behavior was recorded. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs and followed by paired samples t-tests. Surprisingly, neither treatment affected female behavior. However, directed singing was decreased when males were injected with raclopride compared to the day they were injected with saline. There was also a significant increase in directed singing the day after the males were injected with raclopride. Contrary to our hypothesis, GBR-12909 also caused significant decreases in courtship behavior. These results indicate that dopamine acting at the D2 dopamine receptor plays a role in the courtship of the male zebra finch, but does not appear to alter the behavior of females.

Frp Bond Strength Degradation: An Experimental Study Using Pull-Off Testing

Clarisse Mikami — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:47 PDT

ABSTRACT

FRP BOND STRENGTH DEGRADATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING PULL-OFF TESTING

CLARISSE MACHADO MIKAMI

December 2012

Advisor: Dr. Hwai-Chung Wu

Major: Civil Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is an advanced composite material that has been employed efficiently to rehabilitate deteriorated concrete structures. Environmental factors, however, affect the durability performance of FRP. As bond at the interfacial region between FRP and concrete is essential to the overall integrity of the system, the focus of this thesis is on bond deterioration due to hot weathering conditions.

In this study, an experimental program was developed to investigate the effect of long-term environmental exposure on bond strength. During this program, concrete beam specimens were cast, strengthened with a single ply of CFRP in a hand layup installation method and exposed to accelerated tests in the laboratory, such as cyclic hygrothermal (temperature and humidity) conditions, and immersion in distilled and salt water. Pull-off testing was used to generate quantitative data on the CFRP bond degradation, which allowed as aimed, the drawing of trends, conclusions and a comparison to previous work performed at Wayne State University. Future research was also recommended to further enlighten this issue.

Landscape Characteristics Of Upland Sandpiper Habitat In Michigan

Jacob Lawrence Korte — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:46 PDT

Grassland bird populations have declined across North America due to habitat loss but at a disproportionately higher rate in the midwestern United States, where extensive coverage of grasslands and other open land ecosystems have been converted to other land cover types. The upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda Bechstein, UPSA) is a migratory, area-sensitive, terrestrial shorebird that breeds in grasslands and other open land ecosystem types across their North American range. Although breeding habitats of the Great Plains contain the greatest concentrations of this species, anthropogenic openings such as hayfields and pastures serve as surrogate habitat elsewhere, as do remnant patches of native open land ecosystems that are less understood as UPSA habitats. The upland sandpiper may therefore represent a flagship species for restoration of native open land ecosystems and a novel conservation opportunity within human-maintained open land cover types. A dearth of information about UPSA habitat selection and use in Michigan (a state of decided importance for UPSA habitat east of the Mississippi River) and elsewhere in the eastern United States forces a reliance on data from studies conducted in other areas of the species' range for conservation and management efforts. I used two Michigan Breeding Bird Atlases (1983 to 1988 and 2002 to 2008) to compare areas where (1) breeding UPSA persisted for both Atlas periods (long-term occupied habitat); (2) breeding UPSA were present only in the first Atlas period (short-term occupied habitat); and (3) areas where UPSA was never located during the two sampling periods. Analyses were conducted at the scale of Atlas blocks (4.8 km2 blocks defined by the Michigan Breeding Bird Atlas), the largest openings in those Atlas blocks (ranging in size from 17 to 2225 ha), and 39 field sites. At the broadest scale, long-term and short-term occupied UPSA habitat were more commonly located in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan (NLP), typically on coarse-textured soils; random Atlas blocks in the southern Lower Peninsula (SLP) where UPSA was not present were more often located on fine-textured soils. These soils are typically associated with row crops and other intensively managed agricultural land covers. At the scale of openings within the Atlas blocks, openings containing long-term occupied habitat tended to be located within agricultural areas dominated by forage crops managed at a relatively low intensity (non-tilled) such as hayland and pasture; short-term occupied habitat tended to be in herbaceous open lands; and non-occupied open lands in the SLP were dominated by row crops. Field sampling in occupied patches in northern Michigan confirmed that UPSA use a wide range of open land cover types as breeding habitat, excluding row crops, even when woody plant coverage approached 50%. The location of short-term occupied habitat in xeric, sandy, fire-dependent ecosystems suggests a much more dynamic system compared to the more stable, human-maintained forage crops (pastures and hayfields) that characterize a larger proportion of long-term occupied habitat. UPSA habitat in Michigan therefore appears to depend more on human-associated cover types, which persist longer and change less than natural cover types in the absence of fire in this region. However, considerable opportunities exist for management of the more dynamic (short-term) habitats as a disproportionate area containing these ecosystem types are under public ownership. As such, conservation planning and management for UPSA in Michigan depends more strongly upon on understanding the long-term stability of cover types forming habitat rather than simply their differences in vegetation structure or composition.

Investigation Of A 16s Rna Central Domain Pseudoknot

Jenna Marie Jasinski-Bolak — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:45 PDT

X-ray crystallography of the prokaryotic 30S ribosomal subunit revealed a myriad of complex RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and protein-protein interactions. Among these are several phylogenetically conserved RNA pseudoknots. Pseudoknots are structurally and functionally diverse RNA secondary structures. They are generally formed by two short complimentary sequences separated by many bases of single stranded regions or loops. These relatively simple folds are often yield complex structures that are key components of functionally important conformational changes in RNA structure. One such pseudoknot is located in the central domain of the 16S rRNA.

The central domain pseudoknot is formed by Watson-Crick base pairing between G570-C866 and U571-A865. Previous studies by other groups show that formation of this pseudoknot is critical for ribosome function. To examine the role this pseudoknot in ribosome function, we constructed and assayed all 255 possible mutations at these four residues. Our data show that disruption of base pairing between positions 570-866 reduces ribosome function by approximately 50% and that mutations that disrupt pairing between 571-865 completely block protein synthesis.

Ribosomal proteins S8, S11 and S5 have binding sites near the central pseudoknot. To determine if mutations in the pseudoknot affect the binding of these proteins, the genes for S8, S11 and S5 were cloned and coexpressed with representative mutations at each of the sites in the pseudoknot. No complementation was observed in any of the mutants tested, indicating that loss of function in the mutants is not due to reduction in binding of ribosomal proteins.

To determine the influence of thermodynamics on the activity of the mutants, each mutant was assayed at 25°C, 30°C, 37°C, and 40°C. Mutants with no measurable protein synthesis activity at 37°C were unaffected by changes in incubation temperatures. Mutants with partial activity, however, were slightly more active at 40°C but were strongly inhibited by incubation temperatures below 37°C. These data suggest that the central pseudoknot is dynamic and may facilitate the switch between two active conformations of rRNA. Mutations in the pseudoknot may therefore create thermodynamic minima that favor one conformation over the other. Homology modeling and ribosome profiles suggest that the mutations may affect ribosome association or one of the partial reactions during the protein synthesis process itself.

Understanding The Behaviors And Beliefs Of African-American/black Fathers: A Qualitative Examination

Nicholas James Gomulinski — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:44 PDT

UNDERSTANDING THE BEHAVIORS AND BELIEFS OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN/BLACK FATHERS: A QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION

NICHOLAS J. GOMULINSKI

May 2013

Advisor: Dr. Stella M. Resko

Major: Social Work

Degree: Master of Social Work

The positive influence father involvement has on children has been widely examined and embraced. Despite this, examination of men's beliefs on parenting and where they learn their parenting practices has only recently received attention. This study surveyed African-American/Black fathers in five focus groups (N=26) regarding where they felt they learned how to be a father, and what parenting behaviors they use or believe in. The responses from the participants were transcribed coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.The results, organized into themes, indicated that fathers receive parenting information primarily from their fathers and step-fathers. The participants also used a variety of discipline behaviors that depend on situational factors. Further investigation needs to be done with fathers on a larger scale, and with greater variance than the demographics used for this study.

Father Involvement As A Predictor Of Preschool Children's Academic Readiness And Socioemotional Competence

Travis Alexzander Goldwire — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:43 PDT

Predictors of father involvement (FI) were examined. Associations between learning encouragement (LE) and socioemotional support (SS) in relation to later school readiness outcomes were examined. A subsample of residential fathers (n = 6150) from the ECLS-B was used. Hierarchical linear regressions and conceptual path analysis were used to conduct statistical analyses. Child sex, paternal employment, and the mother-father relationship were significant predictors of LE at 9 months. The mother-father relationship predicted LE at 2 years and SS at 9 months. LE at 9 months was a significant predictor of academic readiness indicators at preschool. LE at 2 years significantly predicted all school readiness indicators except expressive language, after controlling for LE at 9 months. Father SS at 9 months was a significant predictor of socioemotional competence ratings at preschool. Path analyses and associated indirect effects confirmed results from regression analyses of main predictors' association with school readiness outcomes as mediated by LE and SS. Significant indirect pathways leading to each school readiness outcome was found for the main predictors, except for Math scores as predicted by child sex. This study showed support for a theoretical framework for FI, as well as mechanisms that both lead to FI and that are affected by it.

Medical Data Analysis Method For Epilepsy

Ameen Eetemadi — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:42 PDT

Applying data mining techniques on medical databases which contain un-structured and semi-structured data is a challenging task. It is not only due to the complexity of such databases but also due to the characteristics of the medical domain. This thesis describes how multiple layers of data mining techniques have been applied to a Human Brain Image Database system. It starts with data preparation which paves the way for conventional data analysis techniques to be applied to the data. A similarity based patient retrieval tool has been designed and developed to assist in treatment planning and outcome estimation for epileptic patients. Finally connected scatter-plot visualization tool has been designed and implemented in order to assist the medical experts to see the relationship between attributes and visually compare a new patient's similarity scores against patients that have been previously operated on in the hospital.

The Effects Of Oil Palm Phenolics On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Relation To Amyloid Beta Plaques In Fad-Mutant And Wild Type B103 Cells

Lindsay Michelle Godsey — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:42 PDT

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 35.6 million people in the world today (35). It is expected that by year 2050, an individual will develop AD every 33 seconds (8). Unfortunately, the etiology is not well known. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) occurs due to specific genetic mutations, making it possible to replicate them in cells. Using B103 rat neuroblastoma cells transfected with a cDNA construct, wild type cells and FAD mutant cells were used in this research.

Natural ingredients such as oil palm phenolics (OPP) contain antioxidants. After finding the optimal experimental parameters, OPP was found to aid in the destabilization of Aâ plaques and also decrease the protein expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the inflammatory biomarkers poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This research is one small step in better understanding AD and how using ingredients such as OPP may help in one day developing a treatment for this debilitating disease.

Psychological And Physiological Responses Of Males Viewing Same Gender Advertisements

Phil Dittmer — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:41 PDT

Body image has been a well established research topic in the field of sport and exercise psychology. However, most of the literature focuses on female body image and ignores male body image. It has been established by current literature that men react the same way as females when presented with pictures of the ideal body of the same sex; a negative body image affect. However, it is unknown in both females and males if this negative body image affect is a strong enough response to elicit a physiological stress response. This master's thesis serves as an explorative project to bridge the gap between body image and physiological stress response, and will subsequently add to the literature focusing on male body image. It was hypothesized that men viewing mock advertisements of ideal muscular male models paired with male centric products would experience a strong enough negative body image affect that it would increase their salivary cortisol levels when compared to men viewing mock advertisements of the same male centric products without an ideal muscular male model. The increase in salivary cortisol would thus demonstrate that a strong negative body affect can elicit a physiologic stress response. Thirty male participants were randomly assigned to either a control group that viewed male centric products (gaming systems, televisions, shaving products, etc.) alone and an intervention group that viewed the same products paired with a muscular male model. To measure changes in body image, five psycho-social scales were used, while salivary cortisol levels were measured to establish changes in physiological states. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) of the data exhibited men viewing advertisements of male centric products paired with ideal muscular male models does not create a negative body image affect, thus a physiologic stress response was never obtained. Reasons for this include the intervention not being strong enough for the participants, obliviousness towards social standards of attractiveness in the participants creating a stable body image, the models being well known celebrities leading to less impact, and the small sample size. In conclusion, this explorative study signifies that men are developing more stable and healthier body images than previous research illustrates.

`thanatosepoesen' Changing Attitudes In Athenian Mourning: A Study Of Funerary Vase Painting, 900-404 Bc

Heather Quinn Elizabeth Deason — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 13:57:40 PDT

Literature and archaeological findings have been valuable resources for understanding how the ancient Athenian buried the dead. Grave excavations tell historians a great deal about burial practices. However, so much more can be learned about these practices through the art found in graves. The painted image not only tells us what occurred on the day a person died and his subsequent burial, but it even illustrates the years of mourning which followed for the living. These vessels chronicle the importance people placed on the varying aspects of death and the funeral ritual. From the Geometric period of the tenth century through the fifth century Classical era, we know burial rituals remained the same, but what people memorialized on funeral goods changed from generation to generation. Athenian cemeteries have provided a substantive body of material that bears witness to how the ancient Athenian's view of death changed over the centuries-and with this change, the pottery market thrived.